The epigenome is an extension of the genome. Epigenetic mechanisms cause specific genes in certain cells to become inaccessible, thus causing these genes to be silenced. Cells become increasingly specialized, or differentiated, into a specialized cell during development. For example, liver cells and lung cells carry the same DNA. However, only certain genes are active in liver cells while other genes are active in lung cells. This is the result of cell differentiation. What typically happens during cellular development is regions of DNA become methylated and wrap around protein molecules called histones. Genes bound to histones are silenced. This determines how a cell will differentiate.
Changes in the Epigenome
Environmental influences can impact the epigenome. Ultraviolet light and chemicals associated with tobacco are two examples. These influences can affect factors in the epigenome as well as cause mutation. Mutation has often been thought of a More ...
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